The Connection Between Lupus and Migraines

For those living with lupus, navigating symptoms can be exhausting. When you add migraines to the mix, it becomes even more challenging. Many people with lupus report experiencing frequent and severe migraines, but the connection between the two is often misunderstood or overlooked. If you’re struggling with both conditions, you’re not alone. Let’s explore how lupus and migraines intersect, and what might be causing them.

Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation and damage to various organs. It most commonly affects the skin, joints, kidneys, and heart, but its effects can be widespread and unpredictable. There are different types of lupus, but systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common and often the most severe.

What Are Migraines?

Migraines are not just bad headaches—they are a neurological condition that causes intense, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. They can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Some people experience aura before a migraine, which includes visual disturbances or tingling sensations.

Why Do People with Lupus Experience Migraines?

Research suggests that migraines are more common in people with lupus. While the exact reason isn’t fully understood, there are a few key factors that may explain this connection:
    1.    Inflammation and Blood Vessel Changes: Lupus causes inflammation throughout the body, including the blood vessels. This inflammation can lead to changes in blood flow to the brain, which may trigger migraines.
    2.    Autoimmune Activity and Nervous System Impact: Lupus can affect the central nervous system (CNS), leading to inflammation of the brain’s blood vessels. This disruption may contribute to migraine development.
    3.    Hormonal Influence: Many lupus patients, especially women, experience symptom flares tied to hormonal fluctuations. Since migraines are also influenced by hormones (such as during menstruation), this can create a double burden.
    4.    Medication Side Effects: Some medications used to treat lupus, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, can contribute to headaches or migraines as side effects.
    5.    Stress and Fatigue: Chronic illness like lupus often brings high levels of stress and fatigue, both of which are known migraine triggers.

Is It a Lupus Headache or a Migraine?

Distinguishing between a lupus-related headache and a true migraine can be tricky. Lupus headaches tend to be severe and persistent, often resembling migraines but may not respond well to typical migraine treatments. Migraines, on the other hand, often follow a pattern and may be accompanied by other neurological symptoms.

If you’re unsure which type of headache you’re experiencing, keeping a symptom journal can help track patterns and identify triggers. Make sure to check out our Free Resource Library, once you sign up for our email list, you will receive a code and can download free symptom trackers and more!

Managing Migraines with Lupus

Dealing with both conditions requires a multi-faceted approach. Here are some strategies to give you an idea of how migraines are managed. Note this is not medical advice just an overview of what managing migraines associated with Lupus can look like.
    1.    Control Inflammation: Since inflammation may be contributing to both lupus symptoms and migraines, staying on top of your lupus treatment plan is essential. Work closely with your rheumatologist to manage disease activity.
    2.    Identify and Avoid Triggers: Common migraine triggers include stress, certain foods, dehydration, and lack of sleep. Tracking what precedes your migraines can help you identify patterns and avoid potential triggers.
    3.    Medication Management:
    •    Preventive Medications: If migraines are frequent, your doctor may recommend preventive treatments such as medication.
    •    Acute Treatments: For relief during a migraine, medications like triptans, NSAIDs, or anti-nausea drugs can be helpful.
    4.    Adopt Healthy Lifestyle Habits:
    •    Prioritize adequate rest and maintain a consistent sleep schedule.
    •    Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet.
    •    Incorporate stress-reducing practices like yoga, meditation, or gentle exercise.
    5.    Consider Alternative Therapies: Some people with lupus and migraines find relief through complementary treatments like acupuncture, massage, or biofeedback.

If you experience sudden, severe headaches that are different from your usual migraines, or if your migraines become more frequent or intense, it’s essential to speak with your healthcare provider.

Living with both lupus and migraines can feel overwhelming, but understanding how they’re connected can empower you to take control of your health. By staying informed, managing triggers, and working closely with your medical team, you can improve your quality of life and reduce the impact of these conditions. If you’re struggling, don’t hesitate to advocate for yourself and explore all available treatment options.